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CELTA
The Cambridge CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is an international TEFL training and certification program. Over 10,000 people a year successfully complete CELTA courses in 240 approved centers in 49 countries around the world. All successful participants receive certification from Cambridge University.
Originally known as the "RSA Certificate," the program became the "RSA/Cambridge CTEFLA" in 1985. The name changed to "RSA/Cambridge CELTA" in 1996 and to "Cambridge CELTA" in 2001.
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ESL, EFL, ELT, ESOL, TEFL, TESL, TESOL, EAL, EIL, ELF, ESP, EAP, ELL, LEP, CLD
ESL (English as a second language), ESOL (English for speakers of other languages), and EFL (English as a foreign language) all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with a different native language. The precise usage, including the different use of the terms ESL and ESOL in different countries, is described below. These terms are most commonly used in relation to teaching and learning English, but they may also be used in relation to demographic information.
ELT (English language teaching) is a widely-used teacher-centred term, as in the English language teaching divisions of large publishing houses, ELT training, etc. The abbreviations TESL (teaching English as a second language), TESOL (teaching English to speakers of other languages) and TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) are also used.
Other terms used in this field include EAL (English as an additional language), EIL (English as an international language), ELF (English as a lingua franca), ESP (English for special purposes, or English for specific purposes), EAP (English for academic purposes). Some terms that refer to those who are learning English are ELL (English language learner), LEP (limited English proficiency) and CLD (culturally and linguistically diverse).
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TOEFL
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL, pronounced "toe-full") evaluates the ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting. It sometimes is an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many English-speaking colleges and universities.
Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then will no longer be officially reported since a candidate's language proficiency could have significantly changed since the date of the test. Colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent TOEFL score.
The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964 and has since been taken by more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics led by the linguist, Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.
Policies governing the TOEFL program are formulated with advice from a 16-member board.
Board members are affiliated with undergraduate and graduate schools, 2-year institutions and public or private agencies with an interest in international education.
Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second language.
The TOEFL Committee of Examiners is composed of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing, teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on TOEFL test content.
The committee helps ensure the test is a valid measure of English language proficiency reflecting current trends and methodologies.
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